Explaining the Pain

Technology can be a powerful deflationary force. Thanks to Moore's Law (the remarkable ability of computer technology to double in power for the same price, or halve in price for the same power, every 18 months) if you want a 50 percent discount on an electronic gadget, just wait 18 months. Or turn a service into software, and it's just a matter of time before it is free.

But technology has been unable to offset some of the crucial supply issues around energy and food, both of which are at the core of today's inflationary quandary. Nuclear power was supposed to bring electricity too cheap to meter, but our electricity bills have never been higher. The green revolution was supposed to bring an endlessly bountiful harvest, making hunger a thing of the past, but we now have rice shortages and corn nearly tripled in price over the past year. And for all of our virtual connection via cell phones, video-conferencing and e-mail, we've increased our driving and flying to such an extent that we've outstripped global oil-production capacity, driving energy prices to all-time highs.

What happened? Were we wrong to think that technology would deliver us from rising prices? Well, yes, but it's not technology's fault. We mostly have ourselves to blame for standing in its way.

Why are agricultural yields not keeping up with population growth? In large part because the European Union essentially banned genetically modified crops both on its own soil and in imports, thus exporting its technology-blocking regulations to trade partners in Africa and elsewhere.

Another reason food is so expensive is that fertilizer prices are also near all-time highs. That's because the feedstock for much fertilizer is natural gas, and we don't have enough of that, either. Not because we can't get it out of the ground using high-tech tools, but because we can't get it where it's needed. Of the last 53 applications to build liquefied natural gas (LNG) ports and processing facilities in the United States, 50 were denied because of objections from the communities near where they would be located. Meanwhile we haven't built a natural-gas pipeline from Alaska in part because of similar environmental concerns.

The shortage of natural-gas-transportation infrastructure is also in part responsible for our high electricity prices, as is the multidecade virtual moratorium on new nuclear power plants after Three Mile Island. Meanwhile, policies putting high import tariffs on foreign ethanol (to protect American corn farmers) have raised the price of gas, while a refusal to follow California's lead on car efficiency standards has allowed national gas demand to grow faster than supply.