It would be nice if the question would just be answered "yes" or " no". Either we have had a 10% decline over the last two quarters or we haven't. Which is it? Secondly, if in the 1930's, there was a 30% decline, then we could be in a depression that is not as severe as then; however, to state we are not there etc, etc is the equivalent to stating that a town hit by a cat 4 hurricaine didn't experience one because it wasn't a cat 5. I am not an economist, but know we are in trouble. So, I am asking, if by the given definition of a 10% decline over the past two quarters, are we experiencing a depression?
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Exactly How Bad Is It?
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Still, to NBER, the means by which to measure a recession make as much sense today as they did 50 years ago. Harvey Pitt, former chairman of the Securities and Exchange Commission and CEO of the global consulting firm Kalorama Partners, says there is another reason why the process by which a recession is defined will likely go unchanged. "It's fairly elastic, because it has enormous economic as well as political consequences," he says. "Whoever is running the government at any particular time wants to avoid people drawing the conclusion that economic stagnation is a recession."
When it comes to depressions, Pitt believes the term is fairly well understood, even if there is no official definition. A common unofficial definition for a depression refers to a deeper and prolonged recession during which the GDP declines by more than 10 percentage points. That was certainly the case in the 1930s, when the GDP dropped by more than 30 percent from 1929-33, with unemployment rates peaking at 25 percent in 1933. "These numbers were monstrously larger than anything we'd experienced otherwise," says Smith. "We have no other modern experience of it and will likely not have any, because we've installed safeguards that didn't exist then to prevent such a catastrophe."
Smith doubts there's a need for an official definition, because he believes it is unlikely that the country will find itself in such a drastic situation again. The NBER's Gordon says that coming up with one would likely be difficult, because "really, all we agree on is that a depression is much more severe than a recession, and everyone agrees we haven't had one since the 1930s."
When it comes to searching for definitive explanations, Reagan may have gotten it right back in 1980. In that same speech, he said, "Human tragedy, human misery, the crushing of the human spirit … They do not need defining—they need action."
© 2008
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