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COVER STORY: BUSINESS

There’s More To Fear Than Fear

No, we haven't turned the corner on the banking crisis—we can't even see the corner. What's needed is a bold, massive jolt to the system.

 

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Franklin Delano Roosevelt's first inaugural address is now known for only one sentence: "The only thing we have to fear is fear itself." But the audience at the time paid little attention to that line and the newspapers buried it in their reports the next day. As Jonathan Alter recounts in his book "The Defining Moment," the words that got the greatest applause were something more specific. "I shall ask Congress for the one remaining instrument to meet the crisis," FDR said, "broad Executive power to wage war against the emergency, as great as the power that would be given to me if we were in fact invaded by a foreign foe." The next day's headline in The New York Herald Tribune was FOR DICTATORSHIP IF NECESSARY.

We are not in 1933, and no one would advocate or encourage any such power grab today. But President Barack Obama will have to quickly start planning for a set of more extraordinary measures to pull the United States out of its current, unsustainable economic condition. The president has understandably focused his first few days on important campaign promises—ending torture, closing Guantánamo—but he will now have to tackle the biggest challenge facing the country.

The American economy is entering its sharpest economic contraction since 1974—a recession that is likely to be the longest since the Second World War. But that's not the worst of it. The American financial system is effectively broken. Major banks are moving toward insolvency, and credit activity remains extremely weak. As long as the financial sector remains moribund, American consumers and companies—who collectively make up 80 percent of GDP—will not have access to credit, and economic activity cannot really resume on any significant scale. We have not turned the corner. In fact, we can't even see the corner right now. In Washington and in the media, we have all stopped thinking about the

rescue of the financial system—that was last year's story—and moved on to the automobile bailout and now the fiscal stimulus. Debates have begun as to whether programs represent pork or investment, whether tax cuts should be preferred to government spending. But despite the injection of hundreds of billions of dollars, and the promise of many billions more, banks are still not lending. Without a functioning financial system, even a massive stimulus will not restore the economy to a normal growth trajectory. Japan tried to jump-start its economy with the world's largest fiscal stimulus in the 1990s. It did nothing for long-term growth in that country.

What about the actions taken so far? The $700 billion TARP, the various federal guarantees, the Federal Reserve's extraordinary actions? The outgoing administration has plausibly claimed that these have worked—in the sense that the financial system has not imploded. Paul Krugman, no fan of the Bush administration's approach to the crisis, acknowledges, "Without the bank bailout, the whole system would have collapsed." But the bailout has not solved the problem; banks are still buried under mountains of bad assets. And while the Bush administration has made mistakes—most of them clearer in hindsight—the Obama economic team knows that there is no simple answer to this extraordinarily complex situation. Britain, which was widely lauded for its first set of bank bailouts, appears to have stumbled in a second set of policies last week. This might be the time to recall screenwriter William Goldman's cardinal rule about Hollywood: "Nobody knows anything."

And yet the government has to do something. President Obama faces a terrible dilemma. He needs to act quickly and on a massive scale. Part of what has unnerved markets has been the incremental nature of the government's response. Will it bail out this bank or that one? On what terms? A broad systemic approach commits the government to one course—one solution—and does not allow for experimentation. It is also enormously expensive. And yet without large-scale action, the financial system will keep bleeding. The politics of this are even worse. The American public believes that we have already spent far too much money on bailing out the banks. But the economic fact is that we have not spent enough. Without several hundreds of billions of dollars, these organizations will remain zombies and the economy will remain paralyzed.

Speed is also crucial. In U.S. policy-making circles in the 1990s it was customary to deride the Japanese government for its weak response to the bursting of Japan's real-estate and stock-market bubble—which led to more than a decade of economic stagnation. In fact the Japanese took drastic action: they injected capital into their banks, lowered interest rates and undertook a massive fiscal stimulus. But they waited for a couple of years before confronting their problems and that made the measures far less effective. The Federal Reserve has learned its lesson and has moved much faster than did the Bank of Japan. But will the American political system move any faster than the Japanese political system?

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Member Comments

  • Posted By: Galasso @ 08/28/2009 11:39:05 PM

    Zakaria "travels the globe" in search of like-minded idealogues whom he can quote to give credence to his philosophy of a global multilateralism. The majority of the world was not enraged at George Bush's "unilateralism" or look at the US as an economic sham - only Zakaria's left wing social contacts in other countries. Zakaria has continuously promoted Obama even to the extent during the campaign of stating that a brown man would have more appeal and believability in the rest of the world than any of the past Presidents. Now he states that the US is considered an economic carnival act by other countries whose very existence was provided for by the deaths of hundreds of thousands of American soldiers and their own economic situations are far worse. Looking back on the Presidential campaign, of all the candidates who were prepared to intelligently deal with the economy, Mitt Romney is the only one who stands out. He doesn't fit Zakaria's racial matrix but he had a proven track record. Obama has chiefly concerned himself with the establishment of radical social change, the bizarre appointment of social misfits like Van Jones as the Green Czar, and his constant vacations.

  • Posted By: kemonlucas @ 02/19/2009 9:29:21 PM


    Zakaria make a contradictory stand when he makes the statement that he believes the money given to the banks during the bailout was not nearly enough. Zakaria admits his lack of expertise in the field, which makes me question his ethos to make a statement like that. Some other ideas that Americans have are then shown which suggest national confusion and far reaching worry with the banking system in mind.
    The accomplishments of Barack Obama are recognized, but his need to hastily face the economic morass we are in is stressed. This needs to be done before America???s ethos as the most prosperous promising economy is lost and our reputation in the eyes of foreign countries ruined forever.

  • Posted By: kemonlucas @ 02/19/2009 9:28:54 PM

    Zakaria establishes a deliberative argument in this article by drawing from the past. The article goes into the past, goes global and then comes back home, all in an effort to support the theme that Obama must fix his eyes on the troubled economy. Critics have analyzed that Obama???s inauguration speech lacked the quality of the words that echo through time. Zakaria brought this to the forefront by exclaiming that the most famous line from Franklin Delano Roosevelt???s first inaugural address, ???The only thing we have to fear is fear itself??????, were not celebrated until sometime after the speech was delivered. During the immediate time after the speech was spoken the word that were remembered were not so great. This might hint that the reason critics have not found that single line that will find its mark in history is because it takes time to sink in.
    Zakaria inputs a tone of urgency into the paper when addressing Obama???s need to tackle the economic funk we now rest in. He then emphasizes the tragedy that is our economy. The pathos of the financial safety of Americans is played on as Zakaria stresses the massive problems, obstacles, and deficits of the economy. As Big Worm said, ???playing with my money is like playing with my emotions???. When Zakaria uses the word ???rescue??? to describe the state of the economy, it shows the seriousness of the situation. Japan actions with regard to their economic turbulence in the 90???s is brought up to explain that the actions we are taking to improve ours have proven themselves ineffective.
    The paper then goes on to ask and answer questions regarding the George W. Bush administration???s actions regarding this disaster. As Zakaria has proven in past articles, he finds a need to defend and uphold some respect for our former president. He defends his mistakes by stating that the task is not an easy one and not even the Great Barack Obama can repair it with ease. This is extremely emphasized with humor when Government is compared with Hollywood with a statement, ???nobody knows nothing???, and then followed by, ???and yet the government has to do something???.
    The deliberative argument comes into play as Zakaria exercises his opinions about policy that must be used to aid the economy. The idea that Obama needs to ???act quickly and on a massive scale??? coincides with Obama???s own idea presented in his inauguration speech that the main problem with the Bush Administration was that it did not make hard decisions. Rhetorical questions are used to question the reader, which accentuates the thoughts running through the minds of American citizens.

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COVER STORY: BUSINESS
There's More To Fear Than Fear

No, we haven't turned the corner on the banking crisis—we can't even see the corner. What's needed is a bold, massive jolt to the system.