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Who Says Stress Is Bad For You?

 

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This kind of statement might well have the father of stress research lying awake worried in his grave. Hans Selye, who laid the foundations of stress science in the 1930s, believed so strongly in good stress that he coined a word, "eustress," for it. He saw stress as "the salt of life." Change was inevitable, and worrying about it was the flip side of thinking creatively and carefully about it, something that only a brain with a lot of prefrontal cortex can do well. Stress, then, was what made us human—a conclusion that Selye managed to reach by examining rats.

Selye had virtually no lab technique, and, as it turned out, that was fortunate. As a young researcher, he set out to study what happened when he injected rats with endocrine extracts. He was a klutz, dropping his animals and chasing them around the lab with a broom. Almost all his rats—even the ones he shot up with presumably harmless saline—developed ulcers, overgrown adrenal glands and immune dysfunction. To his credit, Selye didn't regard this finding as evidence he had failed.Instead, he decided he was onto something.

Selye's rats weren't responding to the chemicals he was injecting. They were responding to his clumsiness with the needle. They didn't like being dropped and poked and bothered. He was stressing them out. Selye called the rats' condition "general adaptation syndrome," a telling term that reflected the reason the stress response had evolved in the first place: in life-or-death situations, it was helpful.

For a rat, there's no bigger stressor than an encounter with a lean and hungry cat. As soon as the rat's brain registers danger, it pumps itself up on hormones—first adrenaline, then cortisol. The surge helps mobilize energy to the muscles, and it also primes several parts of the brain, temporarily improving some types of memory and fine-tuning the senses. Thus armed, the rat makes its escape—assuming the cat, whose brain has also been flooded with stress hormones by the sight of a long-awaited potential meal, doesn't outrun or outwit it.

This cascade of chemicals is what we refer to as "stress." For rats, the triggers are largely limited to physical threats from the likes of cats and scientists. But in humans, almost anything can start the stress response. Battling traffic, planning a party, losing a job, even gaining a job—all may get the stress hormones flowing as freely as being attacked by a predator does. Even the prospect of future change can set off our alarms. We think, therefore we worry.

Herein lies a problem. A lot of us tend to flip the stress-hormone switch to "on" and leave it there. At some point, the neurons get tired of being primed, and positive effects become negative ones. The result is the same decline in health that Selye's rats suffered. Neurons shrivel and stop communicating with each other, and brain tissue shrinks in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, which play roles in learning, memory and rational thought. "Acutely, stress helps us remember some things better," says neuroendocrinologist Bruce McEwen of Rockefeller University. "Chronically, it makes us worse at remembering other things, and it impairs our mental flexibility."

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Member Comments

  • Posted By: didimau @ 03/27/2009 12:08:37 PM

    Below is stress that we all don't need and China is again the culprit.
    Chinese Drywall Lawsuit Information
    Homes and office buildings built between 2004 and 2006 are reporting unpleasant odors and electrical problems from defective drywall made in China. The defective drywall could also pose heath risks.

    The defective drywall was imported from China during the construction boom from 2004 - 2006. Due to a drywall shortage during this boom, builders imported drywall from China. Knauf Plasterboard Tianjin Co. Ltd. of China, a subsidiary of German-based manufacturer Knauf, manufactured the drywall.

    Signs that you may have defective Chinese drywall included:

    Unpleasant odor emitting from walls resembling rotten eggs
    Wiring that has corroded and/or turned black
    Piping that has turned black or needs replacing
    Silver jewelry that has turned black
    Air-conditioning system components that needs replacing
    Electrical problems
    Respiratory discomfort and other problems
    Eye irritations, nose bleeds and headaches

  • Posted By: alickerman @ 03/13/2009 3:07:26 PM

    Stress, of course, is a fact of life. The nice thing this article points out is that how we internalize is the key to whether it affects us positively or negatively. What feels like a little stress compared to what feels like a lot of stress isn't determined by the stressful event itself but rather by the degree of confidence we have that we can handle it. If we feel we can overcome the stresses that face us, they feel like challenges. If we don't, they feel like obstacles. This article raises the interesting notion that these feelings, which are products of the "mind," may have correlates in the brain.

    A little bit of stress in the form of anxiety can be good in that it motivates us to solve problems. A lot of anxiety, however, is paralyzing. What determines our threshhold of tolerance for anxiety, and therefore whether it functions positively or negatively in our lives, is determined, again, by how much confidence we have to solve the particular problem that's causing it Because, as I remarked at the beginning of my comment, stress is a fact of life, there's good reason for us all to become experts at handling it--that is, to develop our confidence as problem-solvers. Which is why having problems is actually a good thing: if we never had our limits challenged, we'd never be able to grow stronger to then be able to handle the next, greater challenge. I recently posted an entry called "Changing Poison Into Medicine" that discusses this same topic on my blog, http://happinessinthisworld.com.

  • Posted By: khrista_m01 @ 02/25/2009 10:49:07 PM

    i agree with mbond001...
    Pia made me laugh when he called Teh C as a doctor. when, in fact, Teh C appears to me as a high school student for the attitude he shows... But, i can't blame him because that's his point of view... i just don't like the way he used an informal word in commenting here. please act professionallly. LOL.

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