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Straight Into Compton

How the country's murder capital got its groove back.

 

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For nearly a decade, the entrance to the city of Compton, Calif., just off the 91 Freeway, was a huge, vacant lot, overgrown by weeds. Surrounded by an eight-foot steel gate, the once-bustling auto dealership had become a haven for the homeless; a place where people dumped trash, loitered, caused trouble. Lampposts that once illuminated new cars and sale signs stood darkened, some tagged with gang graffiti. It was prime real estate—except that, well, it wasn't. (Article continued below...)

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Touring Compton Today

By the 1990s, the mere mention of the name Compton had become so toxic that the nearby southern California suburbs had the city of 100,000 erased from their maps. Its schools were crumbling. Drugs were rampant, and street-gang tensions had escalated into what historian Josh Sides describes as "a brutal guerilla war." The city became the U.S. murder capital, per capita, surpassing Washington with one homicide for every 1,000 residents—and the details were numbing. In 1989, a 2-year-old was gunned down in a drive-by as he wandered his front yard; a 16-year-old was shot with a semiautomatic weapon as he rode his bike. The image of Compton as a defiantly violent ghetto was crystallized by the rap group N.W.A., whose 1988 album, "Straight Outta Compton," went multiplatinum, even though it was banned by many radio stations; the record even attracted the attention of the FBI, which felt the group was inciting violence with its song, "F--- tha Police."

 
NATION
Inside the Real Compton
Inside the Real Compton
The city today bears little resemblance to the violence-plagued neighborhoods of rap songs and Hollywood movies.
 

Two decades later, Compton has a new lease on life. The community is still poor, and unemployment is more than twice the national average. But the number of homicides is at a 25-year low, slashed in half from 2005. There are fewer gunshots and more places for kids to go after school. Alongside the liquor stores and check-cashing stands are signs of middle-class aspiration: a T.G.I. Fridays, an outbreak of Starbucks and a natural-food store. Along the way, blacks became a minority in Compton, which is 60 percent Latino today.

The change, say community members, is palpable. Residents walk dogs; they go out at night. Graduation rates are higher, and a recent canvassing effort counted more than 25 nonprofits targeted specifically toward youth, where a decade ago, there were few to none.

And that vacant lot off the freeway? Thanks in part to Compton's designation as an enterprise zone in 2006, it's been replaced by a $65 million suburban strip mall, whose palm trees and flower beds give it a look more reminiscent of Orange County than South Central. "Compton is a fundamentally different place," says Stanford University historian Albert Camarillo, a Compton native who is working on an oral history of his hometown. "It's one of these communities that's really in the throes of change."

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Member Comments

  • Posted By: 1Blackcitizen! @ 04/04/2009 6:14:39 PM

    If latinos made Compton a "better" place then how come Mexico is a raging cesspool of violence, corruption, depravity and joblessness. Simply put, since Mexicans have arrived in Connecticut property values have dropped, graffiti is everywhere, and now our road kill is not only opossums and raccoons but chickens and roosters have been added to the mix. The social services departments are strained to the brink for these "hard-working denizens" that use welfare like a retirement plan. But to make Compton "better" could mean SOMEBODY actually GOT A JOB.

  • Posted By: scruzer1 @ 04/04/2009 5:52:33 PM

    I lived in Compton when the schools were good and it was a middle and working class community with a population that was Hispanic and white. Then 2 Dodger baseball players who were black moved into the neighborhood. Immediately the realtors (black and white) started pressuring the white folks like myself to move because we would lose the value in our homes. At the same time, the police stopped attempting to enforce the law. I remember calling law enforcement to report an incident and was told by the police that they were not interested and if I did not like what was happening,I should move. This was a pattern of "block busting" and letting the neighborhood "go" that led to "de facto" segregation and the consequent decline of Compton.

  • Posted By: YesICan @ 04/02/2009 9:13:21 PM

    Everyone has an opinion, and they're entitled to it. But, I can recite these facts: I grew up in Compton and attended Compton High. I have classmates who are now surgeons, attorneys, judges, professors, legislators and the like. We all grew up in the same environment - but our parents were probably what made the difference in our lives. Most of my friends came from two parent families - and we were punished for not doing our homework, but rewarded with Disneyland and Knotts Berry Farm when we achieved. I think what I'm trying to say. is that you can take any environment and make it roses or cow chips, depending on who your role models are - and mine, like most of my class mates, were our parents - simple as that. I can't say that my experiences in Compton were all bad. Of course there were gangs, and I even remember a shooting at the school one year and being whisked from the campus to ensure my safety but I don't remember ever thinking that my situation was too hard or too tough to take. I'm a little tougher, a little smarter, a little more streetwise and a little more savvy than many I encounter - and I owe that to my roots, which were planted in Compton but watered and fertilized by my parents.

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