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PSYCHOLOGY

Identity Crisis

What is it like to live with 17 alternate selves? A survivor of multiple personality disorder discusses the disease and the painful integration process that made her whole.

By Anne Underwood | Newsweek Web Exclusive
Oct 22, 2007 | Updated: 5:51  p.m. ET Oct 22, 2007

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  • Posted By: wildboy @ 05/04/2008 1:00:52 AM

    Comment: Dear friend, I too understand what you go through.I was told for many years I had schizophrenia.But I felt there was more to my problem then that.I finally got a good theropist while in Florida.She told me,I had mpd.I tried to understand what that ment.And found out that,most people are women,that have it.But there are some men as well.I happen to be one of them.I just turned 50 years old this mounth.And I finally understand the trueth.Along with all the reasons for all the bad feelins I get,when I get close to other people.Espeasilly men.I had been a victom of sexual abuse since before the age of 5.Had also been repeatedly gang raped over a long period of time.At the age of 13,I had been kidnapped and used as bad things in devil peple.thay hurted me,and cut me.can you helpp me fin help for me here.I no like thm

  • Posted By: selfsaysi @ 02/21/2008 6:36:22 PM

    Comment: Karen Overhill is such a hero-her willingness to share her story is a big deal! I'm sure it's meant so much to so many, myself included. I'm in my mid 40's and have learned in the last year or so that I have DID. Like Karen, I'm also looking forward to enrolling in college, albeit a little later than my peers, and planning for a future that I never expected.

  • Posted By: dataonabuse @ 11/28/2007 8:06:26 PM

    Comment: Summary of Research Examining the Prevalence of Full or Partial Dissociative Amnesia for Traumatic Events - The most comprehensive review of the scientific literature on dissociative amnesia has been conducted by Brown, Scheflin and Hammond in their book, Memory, Trauma Treatment, and the Law . (New York: Norton, 1998). This book is viewed as setting the standard in the field after receiving the American Psychiatric Association's 1999 prestigious Manfred S. Guttmacher Award for best book in law and forensic psychiatry. Brown, Scheflin and Hammond reviewed 43 studies relevant to the subject of traumatic memory and found that every study that examined the question of dissociative amnesia in traumatized populations demonstrated that a substantial minority partially or completely forget the traumatic event experienced, and later recover memories of the event. Dissociative amnesia can occur after any type of traumatic event. www.leadershipcouncil.org/1/tm/prev.html

  • Posted By: dataonabuse @ 11/24/2007 1:21:55 PM

    Comment: J Nerv Ment Dis. 1988 Sep;176(9):519-27. Multiple personality disorder. A clinical investigation of 50 cases. Coons PM, Bowman ES, Milstein V. Carter Memorial Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana 46202. To study the clinical phenomenology of multiple personality, 50 consecutive patients with DSM-III multiple personality disorder were assessed using clinical history, psychiatric interview, neurological examination, electroencephalogram, MMPI, intelligence testing, and a variety of psychiatric rating scales. Results revealed that patients with multiple personality are usually women who present with depression, suicide attempts, repeated amnesic episodes, and a history of childhood trauma, particularly sexual abuse. Also common were headaches, hysterical conversion, and sexual dysfunction. Intellectual level varied from borderline to superior. The MMPI reflected underlying character pathology in addition to depression and dissociation. Significant neurological or
    electroencephalographical abnormalities were infrequent. These data suggest that the etiology of multiple personality is strongly related to childhood trauma rather than to an underlying electrophysiological dysfunction. PMID: 3418321

    Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1982 Jul;39(7):823-5.
    EEG studies of two multiple personalities and a control.
    Coons PM, Milstein V, Marley C.
    There are few reports of EEG findings in patients with multiple personalities. In our study, EEGs were visually scanned and frequency analyzed in two patients with multiple personalities and one control. Auditory and visual evoked responses were also obtained from one of the patients and the control. The visually scanned EEGs and the evoked responses demonstrated few differences among the various personalities in each patient, whereas the frequency analysis showed the greatest number of significant differences among the "personalities" in the control. These data suggest that EEG differences among personalities in a person with multiple personalities involve intensity of concentration, mood changes, degree of muscle tension, and duration of recording, rather than some inherent difference between the brains of persons with multiple personalities and those of normal persons.

  • Posted By: dataonabuse @ 11/19/2007 8:30:21 PM

    Comment: Trauma Induced-Dissociation - Anne P DePrince and Jennifer J. Freyd in ???Handbook of PTSD - Science and Practice??? edited by Friedman, Keane and Resick dynamic.uoregon.edu/~jjf/articles/dpf07.pdf

    Adaptive dissociation: Information processing and response to betrayal by M. Rose Barlow and Jennifer J. Freyd - University of Oregon "This Critical Issues column is adapted from a chapter to appear in Dissociation and the Dissociative Disorders: DSM-V and Beyond, to be published by Routledge. It appears here with the kind permission of the book???s editors, Paul F.Dell and J. A. McNeil. This column proposes a view of dissociation as a set of characteristics, including information-processing tendencies, that can be organized into two branches of symptoms. A dissociative information processing style is developed as an adaptation to trauma, and is a way to remain unaware of information that threatens a necessary attachment relationship. ISSTD NEWS 8201 Greensboro Drive, 3rd Floor McLean, VA 22102 Phone: (703)610-9000 Vol. 25 No3 may 2007 5 E-mail: info@isst-d.org www.isst-d.org
    dynamic.uoregon.edu/~jjf/articles/bfshort07.pdf

  • Posted By: survivor advocate @ 11/04/2007 7:07:30 PM

    Comment: Dear Ms. Underwood, Thank you for telling the world about Karen Overhill's horrible childhood abuse and the resiliency of her spirit. After reading your review, I read "Switching Time" and posted a review at Amazon.

    FYI, results of a recent survey developed and conducted by some of my colleagues and me suggest that Karen's experiences and her resulting dissociative condition are not as rare as decent human beings would like to believe.

    The survey titled, ???International Survey for Adult Survivors of Extreme Abuse (EAS),??? was developed and offered online in German and English (Jan. ??? Mar. 2007) to provide voice, validation, and visibility for survivors of extreme abuse including, but not limited to, ritual abuse and mind control.

    1471 respondents from 30+ countries representing 6 continents answered at least one question on the survey.

    A pdf copy of the preliminary results of the EAS that was handed out at the recent SMART conference (a conference for extreme abuse survivors and their advocates) can be obtained by requesting it at easurvey@twave.net.


    My fellow surveyors and I encourage survivors to examine the survey responses to compare with their own experiences; we encourage mental health clinicians to use the findings in ways that will help their survivor clients overcome the aftereffects of torture; we encourage interested social science researchers to analyze our raw data for significant findings and to use it for comparisons with other research.

    Hopefully, responsible journalists will look at the results and disseminate what survivors en masse have reported about these horrible crimes committed against them.
    By presenting and publishing our results in a field of controversy; by exposing our findings about ritual abuse and its interplay with traumatic mind control, child pornography, clergy abuse, sex trafficking, and other forms of torture to a global community, we trust that the atrocities reported by survey participants will not only be validating to individual survivors but will also become socially validated reality.


    • Posted By: erlaia @ 11/12/2007 17:03:36

      Comment: My trauma therapist, working in a major eastern city, would concur on the emperical basis of her professional career. Kudos to Karen for telling her story, and kudos to her for her formidable work in healing from the effects of sexual abuse and torture. it is not easy. However, the rewards are wonderful!

      I note that some presenting DID can be more elusive than Karen's; we remain coconscious, but have an inner mory is processed. We've never "lost time" as Karen did, but did have clear switching that repesented different personae assuming responsibility in the moment. We were able to form an "adult alliance", a group of adult alters that agreed to communicate openly and with mutual respect. That alliance is gradually creating, we believe, an ability to become integrated over time. In addtion, that adult alliance forms the basis for working with younger alters, frozen in time, still containing memory and affect that we need to focus on and discharge. For that, I find that EMDR has been a formidable tool for me.

      I think we are far more common than one might believe - we are bright, creative and frequently high-functioning.

  • Posted By: One of Another @ 11/01/2007 4:04:19 AM

    Comment: Over seven years of therapy have still only scratched the surface. Someday healing will come...this we believe. It does not happen over night. Just as the way we learned to survive did not come overnight. I have hope for all of those who are living wtih this "disorder", although it is more of an order than not. There are many of us out there who are dealing with these same issues and healing from the same kinds of abuse. Somehow we can come together even if it is not through intergration. Community and survival kept us alive. We are greatful to read this article and know that we can be shown as persons within a person trying to heal rather than a survivor or an oddity for the world to confront. Thank you for letting us know we are not alone.

    One of another..., et al

  • Posted By: dataonabuse @ 10/31/2007 8:57:15 PM

    Comment: Ground Lost: The False Memory/Recovered Memory Therapy Debate, by Alan Scheflin, Psychiatric Times 11/99, Vol. XVI Issue 11] The appearance in the DSM-IV indicates that the concept of repressed memory is generally accepted in the relevant scientific community. This satisfies courts following the Frye v United States, 293 F.1013 (1923) or Daubert v Merrell Dow Pharmaceutical, 113 S. Ct. 2786 (1993) rules regarding the admissibility of scientific testimony into evidence in court....Although the science is limited on this issue, the only three relevant studies conclude that repressed memories are no more and no less accurate than continuous memories (Dalenberg, 1996; Widom and Morris, 1997; Williams, 1995). Thus, courts and therapists should consider repressed memories no differently than they consider ordinary memories.
    www.psychiatrictimes.com/p991137.html

  • Posted By: mscateyes @ 10/27/2007 7:15:22 PM

    Comment: I was recently featured on a show with Dr. Baer and my goal was to show, as astarte59 commented, that you can live with cooperation if you feel integration is NOT for you. I think that your mind has created this suvival skill and you can learn in time to balance out and work together. I'm not saying it's easy or doesn't take work...I'm currently still fighting so much but I'm very proud of what I've been able to accomplish thus far. I hope that with my recent interview I was able to let others know that you are a survivor and not just something that needs to be "fixed". Best wishes to Karen, too!

  • Posted By: mscateyes @ 10/27/2007 7:13:06 PM

    Comment: Enter Your CommentI

  • Posted By: astarte59 @ 10/26/2007 11:03:10 PM

    Comment: I am appalled that the article did not discuss other alternatives to integration. Many multiples learn to function as a group, to be co-conscious (to be present at the same time instead of disappearing), to communicate among each other and cooperate. I am a singleton, but my experience with the multiples I've met is that we are not talking about "alters" or "personalities," but INDIVIDUALS. While each may have begun existence to perform a separate function, they acquire enough experience in the world, including friends, that they develop into full-fledged, complex individuals, each with the same variety of moods and emotional states as a singleton. I find integration to be appalling. It is equivalent to murder or forced suicide, although it is often the case that the individual who has supposedly integrated into the whole has simply gone deep inside and may emerge years or decades later. Instead of trying to dispose of these distinct individuals, who, as the articles cited in one comment noted, have different physiological states--eye colors, handedness, etc, instead of helping them continue the hard work they've been doing to realize themselves, we declare one person the only one who matters, and "integrate" the others. Some multiples don't have a main person, or that person fragmented or disappeared in early childhood. Multples can learn to exist as a collection of individuals sharing a body and to work together for the good of the system. For an alternate view of multiplicity, please check out http://www.astraeasweb.net/plural/, a site run by a functional mutlple "family" with many articles and FAQ's about what multiplicity is REALLY like. It's also the case that more therapists are taking the approach of working with all the individuals in a system, helping them work together, and also helping those who may have very different issues or problems than others in the same system--as individuals, not as "personalities." Singletons only use a very small amount of the brain's capacity. Instead of seeing multiplicity as a "disorder," why not contemplate the possibility that some brains have the potential to develop and house a large group of individuals of different ages and genders? At least, if you know a person in a multiple system or have an interest in this topic, please educate yourselves beyond the traditional idea that it is a disorder that must be cured by integration. http://www.astraeasweb.net/plural/ is a great place to start.

    • Posted By: AD21 @ 11/02/2007 19:22:10

      Comment: Hey astarte-

      We"ll 2nd, 3rd, 4th......21st that!

  • Posted By: djetal @ 10/24/2007 7:52:21 PM

    Comment: Thank you, thank you, thank you!!! The fact that a main-stream publication like Newsweek is publishing an article about DID will (hopefully) result in at least a few more people opening their minds to the reality of this condition. I can't tell you how difficult it is to explain "ourselves" to people who think this is all some "Hollywood" stunt! WE are real! And we ARE real because of what has been done to us by those people who were supposed to love and protect us....by people we trusted and believed in, and counted on to have our best interests at heart! We were betrayed, and continue to be betrayed....first by our abusers and now by a society that denies that severe child abuse even occurs, except by "sickos" (well, maybe they're right there, but there are more "sickos" than meet the eye!)

  • Posted By: meandmine @ 10/23/2007 7:46:51 PM

    Comment: Thank you... Altough I don't won't our "GIFT" (DID) to be exploited, I do feel that it needs to more excepted by more of the professionals. I am very fortunate in that I have the most wonderful therapist. As for calling DID a gift, well I truly do believe that my family members and my LITTLES are a gift. Fore without them I cannot imagine what my life would be like.

  • Posted By: dataonabuse @ 10/23/2007 7:42:32 PM

    Comment: DID: Research and Pseudoscience by S. Dallam RN, MSN,FNP, Treating Abuse Today, Vol. 8 No. 3 May-June 1998, "The authors conclude (about a different article): "This study establishes, once and for all, the linkage between early severe abuse and (D.I.D.)"

    The Spectrum of Dissociative Disorders: An Overview of Diagnosis and Treatment by Joan A. Turkus, M.D. " Major studies have confirmed the traumatic origin of DID (Putnam, 1989, and Ross, 1989), which arises... as a result of severe physical, sexual, and/or emotional abuse. Poly-fragmented DID (involving over 100 personality states) may be the result of sadistic abuse by multiple perpetrators over an extended period of time."

    1: J Am Optom Assoc. 1996 Jun;67(6):327-34. Visual function in multiple personality disorder. Birnbaum MH, Thomann K.
    State College of Optometry, State University of New York, NY 10010, USA.
    BACKGROUND: Multiple personality disorder (MPD) is characterized by the existence of two or more personality states that recurrently exchange control over the behavior of the individual. Numerous reports indicate physiological differences, including significant differences in ocular and visual function, across alter personality states in MPD. METHODS: The existing literature was reviewed to provide an overview of the nature and characteristics of MPD, with emphasis on reported physiologic and ocular differences across alter personalities. In addition, a case is reported of an MPD patient seen over a 3-year period. RESULTS: Physiologic differences across alter personality states in MPD include differences in dominant handedness, response to the same medication, allergic sensitivities, autonomic and endocrine function, EEG, VEP, and regional cerebral blood flow. Differences in visual function include variability in visual acuity, refraction, oculomotor status, visual field, color vision, corneal curvature, pupil size, and intraocular pressure in the various personality states of MPD subjects as compared to single personality controls.
    CONCLUSIONS: The possibility of MPDs should be considered in patients who
    demonstrate unusual variability in ocular and visual findings, particularly with a positive psychiatric history. The existence of visual and other physiologic differences across alter personalities in MPD offers a unique potential for the study of mind-body relationships.

    5: Clin Electroencephalogr. 1990 Oct;21(4):200-9. Brain mapping in a case of multiple personality. Hughes JR, Kuhlman DT, Fichtner CG, Gruenfeld MJ. Department of Neurology, University of Illinois, Chicago 60612. Brain maps were recorded on a patient with a multiple personality disorder (10 alternate personalities). Maps were recorded with eyes open and eyes
    closed during 2 different sessions, 2 months apart. Maps from each alternate personality were compared to those of the basic personality "S", some maps were similar and some were different, especially with eyes open. Findings that wer

  • Posted By: dataonabuse @ 10/23/2007 7:42:02 PM

    Comment: DID: Research and Pseudoscience by S. Dallam RN, MSN,FNP, Treating Abuse Today, Vol. 8 No. 3 May-June 1998, "The authors conclude (about a different article): "This study establishes, once and for all, the linkage between early severe abuse and (D.I.D.)"

    The Spectrum of Dissociative Disorders: An Overview of Diagnosis and Treatment by Joan A. Turkus, M.D. " Major studies have confirmed the traumatic origin of DID (Putnam, 1989, and Ross, 1989), which arises... as a result of severe physical, sexual, and/or emotional abuse. Poly-fragmented DID (involving over 100 personality states) may be the result of sadistic abuse by multiple perpetrators over an extended period of time."

    1: J Am Optom Assoc. 1996 Jun;67(6):327-34. Visual function in multiple personality disorder. Birnbaum MH, Thomann K.
    State College of Optometry, State University of New York, NY 10010, USA.
    BACKGROUND: Multiple personality disorder (MPD) is characterized by the existence of two or more personality states that recurrently exchange control over the behavior of the individual. Numerous reports indicate physiological differences, including significant differences in ocular and visual function, across alter personality states in MPD. METHODS: The existing literature was reviewed to provide an overview of the nature and characteristics of MPD, with emphasis on reported physiologic and ocular differences across alter personalities. In addition, a case is reported of an MPD patient seen over a 3-year period. RESULTS: Physiologic differences across alter personality states in MPD include differences in dominant handedness, response to the same medication, allergic sensitivities, autonomic and endocrine function, EEG, VEP, and regional cerebral blood flow. Differences in visual function include variability in visual acuity, refraction, oculomotor status, visual field, color vision, corneal curvature, pupil size, and intraocular pressure in the various personality states of MPD subjects as compared to single personality controls.
    CONCLUSIONS: The possibility of MPDs should be considered in patients who
    demonstrate unusual variability in ocular and visual findings, particularly with a positive psychiatric history. The existence of visual and other physiologic differences across alter personalities in MPD offers a unique potential for the study of mind-body relationships.

    5: Clin Electroencephalogr. 1990 Oct;21(4):200-9. Brain mapping in a case of multiple personality. Hughes JR, Kuhlman DT, Fichtner CG, Gruenfeld MJ. Department of Neurology, University of Illinois, Chicago 60612. Brain maps were recorded on a patient with a multiple personality disorder (10 alternate personalities). Maps were recorded with eyes open and eyes
    closed during 2 different sessions, 2 months apart. Maps from each alternate personality were compared to those of the basic personality "S", some maps were similar and some were different, especially with eyes open. Findings that wer

  • Posted By: Leiani @ 10/23/2007 4:45:59 PM

    Comment: The Psychiatric Medical Community should sit up and take note...too many therapists / Doctors stay stuck in their own narrow thinking that won't allow them to consider this disorder is real. Medical science has proven over and over that the mind is capable of so much more than we can ever conceive in regards to surviving horrendous situations at all cost. Far too many children have been labeled with Bi-Polar Disorder, ADHD , ADD, to correspond with the therapist or psychiatrist's line of study and thus have been prescribed medications that would not and could not adequately "help" their behaviors and acting out. Hopefully, the medical community will begin to take a closer look at this disorder and find ways to help the thousands of children who are currently in residential treatment centers being misdiagnosed and consequently not receiving the "help" they truly need. Dr. Baer is to be highly commended, and Karen Overhill deserves our utmost thanks for sharing her story. Hopefullly, Anne Underwood's superbly written article will open the doors of understanding and encourage the medical community to look at this disorder to help other DID survivors
    appropriately.

  • Posted By: mfrancis53 @ 10/23/2007 4:08:40 AM

    Comment: I truly admire Karen for her transparency and openness. Her story will help validate many others who endured horrendous, chronic, long term abuse and torture.
    Because I am a support person to a very courageous person who has DID I have been in the postition to meet about 20 people over the past ten years who have this "disorder". I have also researched and educated myself on this topic. When I first realized that my adopted daughter had DID and then it was confirmed later by her therapist I did a great deal of self education on this topic to get at the truth of what was going on. I no longer see having alters as bizzare or unnatural. A child who is unprotected and lives in a severe abusive environment that includes torture will dissociate from their pain and memories so they can survive. Persons like Karen need our support, encouragement, and understanding. They have survived tremendous obstacles on their journey to wholeness.
    There has been tremendous controvery as a backlash to the acceptance of this condition for several reasons. One reason is ignorace and lack of solid, balanced education on the subject of DID. The other reason is the backlash from people who are perpetrators themselves. of sexual, .emotional, and physical abuse and who do not want the truth to come out. The same people that organize pedophilic sex rings and human trafficing fight to keep these brave survivors from getting the validation they deserve. (It is not in their best interests for people to listen to and validate survivors of severe sexual abuse and torture.) It is now time to stand and support these survivors against these malicious people.
    I believe that DID is an amazing phenomenom of the human mind and spirit.
    Mel in Dallas

  • Posted By: jolyka @ 10/23/2007 3:29:08 AM

    Comment: I wish the best to the victims of MPD - I had the MPD (M Police Department) beat my poor brain into a grapefuit sized hematoma... So, I've had the occassion to meet with my brain damaged brethren = amazingly talented communicative warm passionate people, etc.!
    That the mind isn't capable of INCREDIBLE things is to be delusional that great things are possible - let people be entitled to their ignorance. HA! Our lives heal, out minds come together and slowly our wholeness tries to emerge through the past we don't have any force in being able to change - wisdom to know the difference. My kindest and return thanks to those who've helped, JLK

  • Posted By: jolyka @ 10/23/2007 3:19:51 AM

    Comment: I find it incredibly disturbing because it's on the level of naively using LSD to treat schizophrenia, not the best throught out idea. Meth had made people run quicker since the 1960s, but I don't know from a pharmacological sense that its made anyone necessarily run any smarter. It's a bigger problem for rural America than we've seen in a long time - there's nothing comparable. May we someday sort out our idiotic drug laws in the U.S. to have drug crime penalties run concurrent with the true pharmacological values of drugs (pot's not a narcotic) instead or racially motivated, misguided laws that date to the early 20th Century. Shalom, JLK

  • Posted By: Kaelinda @ 10/23/2007 12:31:17 AM

    Comment: Child abuse is VERY common - and always has been. We're just now, as a society, ready to deal with it, and in many cases, we go overboard and falsely accused adults are condemned. Acquiring alternate personalities is just one way children cope with being abused sexually, physically, and emotionally. Congratulations to Karen for being courageous enough to integrate her personalities... some MPD sufferers can never do that. And kudos to the doctor for sticking with it for all those years.

  • Posted By: RocknRae @ 10/22/2007 11:14:07 PM

    Comment: I've worked in Law Enforcement and Corrections for over 14 years, most spent in locked down Physch. wards. Before my work I never felt it was possible to have such personalities in one person. But after seeing and spending years with people in custody who have been horribly abused or are serous abusers themselves, I truely believe this disorder is real. The mind is an amazing machine and the world can be a horrible place for some people and what really amazes me is that there are not more people like Karen out there. Good luck to her and bravo to the Dr. for helping her for so long and working so hard to save her!

    • Posted By: AD21 @ 10/23/2007 18:00:24

      Comment: I'm glad you came to see and accept the reality of these people's suffering. Thank you.
      But there are more people like Karen out there. Us, for one. In the two years since we discovered we are multiple, we've met six other multiple people. We personally know of about 12 multiple people, and 7 others we suspect as multiple. We have four friends who are multiple.
      Of course, we live in a city, and were actively looking for other multiple people, and looking in the right places- like support groups. There's nothing like finally getting the courage together to come out to the group, and having the person next to you say "Oh MY God. I swore I wasn't going to talk about this, but- I'm a we, too..."
      Multiplicity is more common than most people would think. It's just hidden, partly 'cause it's often not as dramatic as people have been lead to expect through stories like Sibyl. And because of the negative reactions people can get to coming out, but mostly I think, because of the pain. Sever abuse ingrains a (completely understandable) desire to hide....

  • Posted By: lynne' @ 10/22/2007 10:54:30 PM

    Comment: I know a lady that is MPD/ DID and she has over 50 alters. She is going through the healing process now. It is a difficult time for her and her family. She is amazingly strong and focused on getting through to become one. It was encouraging for her to read this story about Karen.

  • Posted By: justbrowsin' @ 10/22/2007 7:53:41 PM

    Comment: This story is just amazing. How can anyone not believe that this is real? We all know that we only use a small portion of our brains. Why do we think that our minds are not capable of protecting us from horrible physical and emotion abuse by creating alters? The mind is a very powerful thing and even the smartest scientist doesn't know what it is capable of. Karen's story is an amazing example of how powerful the mind really is.

 
 
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