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A Guide to Predicting Your Medical Future
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Mammograms: Mammograms are often recommended for women every one or two years after 40; by 50, they're an even better idea. Women with family histories should get a mammogram every year. In early 2007 the American Cancer Society recommended annual MRIs for those at high risk, too. (Not all docs agree with this policy.) Finally, women with family histories of either breast or ovarian cancer should get their BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes checked for mutations linked to both diseases.
Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry: You won't need the DXA osteoporosis screen until 65, unless you have risk factors such as family history and low body weight. Women who don't use hormone therapy are also at higher risk. If you fit these descriptions, it's not a bad idea to get screened early.
MEN
PSA screening: The jury is out on whether all men over 50 should get this test for prostate cancer, which measures blood levels of prostate-specific antigen, a protein (see page 69). It's often used along with the digital rectal exam. Trials have been unable to find solid evidence for or against prostate-cancer screening. Part of the problem is that the disease isn't necessarily deadly. "It's often very slow-growing, and we're not sure how much benefit you gain from finding it early," says King. "A lot of men die of heart disease long before prostate cancer gets them." Widespread screening can result in false positives and unnecessary biopsies. Bottom line: consult your doctor and make up your own mind.
EVERYONE
Colonoscopy: It's rare for the USPSTF to give a grade-A recommendation to a screen aimed at the general population. But colon cancer gets one: the agency "strongly recommends" screening for those over 50. There are four good methods. Colonoscopy, which makes use of a long, thin tube with a camera attached, may be the best known. Have your first one at 50 and another at 60. If you have a history of certain kinds of polyps or a family history of colon cancer, your doc may recommend more-frequent testing.









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