Greece Signs Mutual Defense Treaty With France as Tensions Rise With Neighboring Turkey
Greece signed a mutual defense deal with France, amid rising tensions with neighboring Turkey.
Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis insists that "[his country does] not intend to enter into an arms race with Turkey," but notes that he "cannot ignore" that Greece lives "in a very complicated neighborhood."
"I'm always reaching out a hand of friendship to Turkey," Mitsotakis said during a Democracy Forum conference in Athens. "We have big differences on many issues, but there should be a way to solve these differences through dialogue."
Tensions between Greece and Turkey, two NATO nations, have increased in recent years, as the neighbors quarrel over territorial rights in the Aegean Sea, maritime and aviation boundaries and minority rights.
"We will defend our territory, our territorial integrity, our sovereignty, our sovereign rights. And in order to do so, we need a strong deterrence," Mitsotakis said.
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The French frigates Greece will buy are ships that "will usher the navy into a new digital era, and a ship that will give us a very strong deterrence capability for the next year, for the next decades," he said. "And we have an obligation to make sure that we have the capacity to defend ourselves."
The agreement Greece signed with France includes a deal for mutual assistance in the case of an attack by a third country.
That clause "essentially says that if any of the countries is attacked, if its territory is challenged, its sovereignty is challenged, then there is an obligation by the other party to assist it," Mitsotakis said. "And this is a strategic partnership which in my mind goes above and beyond the mutual assistance clauses that are currently included in the European treaties."
The principle of collective defense is a principal tenet behind NATO, of which both Greece and France are members. Article 5 of the alliance's treaty stipulates that an attack on one member nation is considered an attack on all.
"Does Article 5 apply in the case of an attack by a NATO member? I'm not sure, NATO has ever been very clear on that issue," Mitsotakis said, when asked why Greece needed an extra alliance agreement. "My obligation is to defend my country and to form the necessary alliances over and above the security arrangements that we already have."
The deal, he said, wasn't in competition to NATO or any other alliances.
"We have a strategic partnership with the United States that is going from strength to strength. We're about to sign…a new five-year mutual defense and cooperation agreement with the United States," he said, adding that "Greece, France and the United States are NATO members. So there is no real competition here. We're talking about complementary initiatives."
However, he argued there could be situations that Europe might consider in its interests to be involved in that the United States wouldn't want to join.
"Do we need a separate alliance within NATO? I would argue that Europe as a continent needs to align its economic strength with its geopolitical ambitions. And yes, there may be missions that are of particular European interest in the Sahel, in the Middle East, in the eastern Mediterranean, where NATO may not want to be involved," Mitsotakis said.
"So I see these two initiatives as fully complementary, but also as a very clear statement by Europe, should we manage to get to that point, that we're willing and able to take initiatives even without the approval of NATO. That would mean, to be very open, without the approval of the United States."
Greece has already bought 18 French Rafale fighter jets and plans to purchase another six under a program to modernize its armed forces.
