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By Lucy Clarke-Billings
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White British men are among the hardest hit when it comes to finding a job a decade after being unemployed, research has found.
Dr Carolina Zuccotti and Professor Jacqueline O'Reilly, of the University of Brighton's Business School, analyzed England and Wales census data on 57,385 people who were aged 16 to 29 in 2001 to study the long-term effects of unemployment on young people of different ethnicities.
Of white British young people who were not in work or in education in 2001, only 59 percent of men and 50 percent of women were employed in 2011. In contrast, more than 93 percent of men and around 85 percent of women who were studying or working in 2001 had a job in 2011.
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The effect of being out of work or education in 2001 also reduced young people's chances of having a professional or managerial job in 2011, with only 23 percent of white British men and 19 percent women in those positions, compared the average probability of more than 40 percent.
When factors such as growing up in a poor neighborhood and having limited education were excluded, those who were not employed or in education in 2001 were 18 percent less likely to be employed in 2011 than those who had jobs.
Ethnic minorities fared better than white males. Men from south Asian ethnic minorities were less affected by previous unemployment or inactivity than white men: of those not in work or education in 2001, 78 percent of Indian and 65 percent of Pakistani and Bangladeshi ethnicity were employed in 2011, compared with 59 percent of white British men.
However, women from ethnic minorities had lower employment levels in 2011 than white British respondents, even after background characteristics were taken into consideration.
Dr Zuccotti said: "We observe that young men from ethnic minority backgrounds who were not working or studying in 2001 have similar or even higher probabilities of being in work in 2011 as compared to the white British [men].
"The fact that some ethnic minorities are less penalized from previous unemployment or inactivity compared to some of their white British counterparts is in part good news in terms of integration processes.
"However, significant concerns remain regarding employment probabilities among young white British men, but also among ethnic minority women, who are increasingly left behind."
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