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By Amanda Greenwood
Associate News Editor
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As the U.S. prepares to mark the 25th anniversary of the September 11 terrorist attacks, a growing number of states have adopted policies requiring or encouraging schools to teach students about one of the most defining events of modern American history.
According to The Associated Press (AP) research, at least 40 states expect or suggest public schools address 9/11 in some way. Among them, 25 states have laws or education standards that specifically require or expect instruction on the attacks, while another 13 include optional references to 9/11 in educational guidance.
Several additional states require or recommend observances such as moments of silence, bringing the total number of states with some type of 9/11-related policy to at least 40.
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About one-third of Americans were born after al-Qaida terrorists hijacked four commercial airliners and killed nearly 3,000 people in New York City, at the Pentagon, and near Shanksville, Pennsylvania, meaning today's students are actually quite far removed from the catastrophic events of September 11, 2001.
Jeremy Stoddard, an education professor at the University of Wisconsin who researches how schools teach 9/11, told Newsweek that teachers increasingly view the attacks as a historical event rather than a lived experience, with many now emphasizing how post-9/11 policies continue to affect students today.
Newsweek has also emailed Megan Jones, the September 11 Memorial & Museum's education chief, for comment and is awaiting a reply.
What the Map Shows
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States vary widely in how they approach teaching 9/11.
Some require dedicated classroom instruction about the attacks and their aftermath, while others embed the topic more broadly within U.S. history, civics, or discussions about terrorism and foreign policy.
Some states only encourage schools to commemorate the anniversary through observances or moments of reflection.
Some states require students to examine not only the attacks themselves but also their long-term impact.
For example, Alabama's standards require students to study U.S. military involvement following the attacks and evaluate the effectiveness of America's response, including the creation of Homeland Security and passage of the Patriot Act. Arizona lawmakers enacted a statewide requirement for "age-appropriate education" on or around each 9/11 anniversary, though the requirement was later narrowed to grades seven through 12.
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Why It Matters
Education experts say teaching 9/11 has become more important as fewer students have any personal connection to the attacks.
Stoddard told Newsweek that this generational shift presents a challenge for educators because many students, and an increasing number of teachers, have no direct memory of the attacks.
"They just do not have the same emotional connection, the collective memory experience," he said. While teachers often share personal stories about where they were on September 11, "they will never have that same connection."
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"Even worse than getting started wrong or using inappropriate language is the total omission of telling the story," Gordon Felt, whose brother Edward Felt died aboard United Airlines Flight 93, told educators during a seminar at the Flight 93 National Memorial in Pennsylvania. "That's our biggest fear."
Teachers gathered at the memorial this summer to discuss how best to educate a generation born long after the attacks. Questions included what details are appropriate for younger children, how victims should be remembered, and what broader historical lessons students should learn.
Stoddard said classroom approaches have changed over time. When he surveyed educators around the 20th anniversary of the attacks, many reported focusing on the anniversary itself, using news footage and personal recollections while emphasizing the heroism of first responders and national unity.
More recently, he said, some educators have adopted a broader historical approach that examines how decisions made after 9/11 continue to shape American life. "We do see a generational split of sorts where they view it more as history and want students to understand how the response to 9/11 in particular, such as the Patriot Act, still impacts them today in ways that they do not know."
Stoddard also told educators at the seminar that states have become more willing to include the attacks in curriculum standards as they have moved further into history.
A decade after the attacks, roughly 60 percent of states didn’t mention 9/11 in their education standards. Since then, curriculum requirements have expanded considerably. Stoddard said that "for those states that include it, it seems to be going in much more depth than it was in the past."
Newsweek has emailed the U.S. Department of Education for comment and is awaiting its response.
Key Takeaway: A Patchwork Approach To Teaching 9/11
The national picture is not a simple divide between states that "teach 9/11” and those that do not.
The strongest requirements generally fall into three categories:
- Dedicated instruction. States such as Arizona and Florida have explicit requirements directing schools to provide instruction about the attacks.
- Curriculum standards. States including Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Idaho, Iowa, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Tennessee, Virginia and West Virginia incorporate 9/11 into required or expected social studies content.
- Commemoration. California, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Texas and Wisconsin have statewide laws or provisions concerning moments of silence or other school observances, although the precise requirements differ.
A second group of states—including Alaska, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Hawaii, Illinois, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oregon and Utah—provides teachers with some combination of suggested content, examples or instructional guidance without creating a specific statewide classroom mandate.
And several states—including Minnesota, Montana, Vermont, Washington and Wyoming—have no specific statewide 9/11 policy identified in the AP review.
Stoddard told Newsweek that different reviews of state standards have produced different totals because researchers often use different methodologies. A 2026 University of Wisconsin analysis that he co-authored identified fewer states with explicit 9/11 teaching or commemoration requirements because it focused on official standards and legislation.
Newsweek has previously published a guide to how teachers can educate schoolchildren about 9/11.
Contact Newsweek editors on this story: Ben Kelly and James Debens
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